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The Climate Change Thread

The research also indicates the potential for natural causes as well. But then you are not interested.

There are hundreds of articles describing natural climate drivers. They need not mention the supposed "consensus" concerning human contributions. Research is not framed and presented as a for or against debate between two positions. That should have been obvious.
You keep separating natural causes and human causes as if they're mutually exclusive. They're not.

The IPCC report does not use the word "consensus." It uses the word "likely."
You're right. To paraphrase, it states that there's very high confidence that humans are warming the earth, most of the warming is very likely to be from greenhouse gases, and that natural causes alone would likely be cooling the earth.
 
It's not a matter of "consensus" vs. "likely". The consensus is that humans are likely warming the earth.
 
You keep separating natural causes and human causes as if they're mutually exclusive. They're not.

You're right. To paraphrase, it states that there's very high confidence that humans are warming the earth, most of the warming is very likely to be from greenhouse gases, and that natural causes alone would likely be cooling the earth.

Concerning your first point, have you missed this entire thread? If human causes are not to be separated from natural causes, then what is actually being discussed? Without knowledge of what any supposed human contribution is, or no knowledge of what effects they are said to be having, no useful or adequate policies can be established to deal with such things.

As to the second point, the IPCC says nothing about the likelihood of the world cooling in the absence of human emissions of GHG's. It can't because it possess only a low level of scientific understanding of natural climate drivers - which are dominant. The climate has been moving out of the period commonly known as the Little Ice Age (1400-1850), and even a quick survey of that history shows this was a stressful period of history.
 
It's not a matter of "consensus" vs. "likely". The consensus is that humans are likely warming the earth.

You were the one propounding a common and well-established consensus position. It's only a matter of consensus among those who accept that humans are having an effect on the climate. The IPCC has taken such a position. There is no common agreement as to what degree human beings are having an effect.

If a scientist or group of scientists from climatology or its related fields, of inquiry have not spoken or published stating a particular position on this issue, then there is no way to know if they agree or not as to the validity of the so-called consensus position.
 
Concerning your first point, have you missed this entire thread? If human causes are not to be separated from natural causes, then what is actually being discussed? Without knowledge of what any supposed human contribution is, or no knowledge of what effects they are said to be having, no useful or adequate policies can be established to deal with such things.
We do have knowledge of what the human contribution is, we're warming the earth. There are also natural forces in play. Both are happening. You keep bringing up natural effects as if they somehow degate the human effects.

As to the second point, the IPCC says nothing about the likelihood of the world cooling in the absence of human emissions of GHG's.
Wrong. This is from the IPCC's 2007 summary for policymakers:

"During the past 50 years, the sum of solar and volcanic forcings would likely have produced cooling."
"Spacial agreement between regions of significant warming across the globe and locations of significant observed changes in many systems consistent with warming is very unlikely to be due solely to natural variability."
"More complete attribution of observed natural system responses to anthropogenic warming is currently prevented
by the short time scales of many impact studies, greater natural climate variability at regional scales, contributions
of non-climate factors and limited spatial coverage of studies."

You were the one propounding a common and well-established consensus position. It's only a matter of consensus among those who accept that humans are having an effect on the climate. The IPCC has taken such a position. There is no common agreement as to what degree human beings are having an effect.
For the last time, a consensus doesn't have to be unanimous. It includes all the work that's reviewed on the topic, not just the work that agrees with the consensus. It just happens that the vast majority of the work does agree with it. To what degree humans have an effect on the climate is irrelevant to this discussion. We're talking about whether we have an effect or not, not the degree of that effect.

If a scientist or group of scientists from climatology or its related fields, of inquiry have not spoken or published stating a particular position on this issue, then there is no way to know if they agree or not as to the validity of the so-called consensus position.
If you want to know if a particular scientist agrees with the consensus then read what a review says about their work. The reviews speak for themselves.
 
We do have knowledge of what the human contribution is, we're warming the earth. There are also natural forces in play. Both are happening. You keep bringing up natural effects as if they somehow degate the human effects.

I bring up natural drivers because they are the primary drivers of climate - overwhelmingly so. While acknowledging this fact, the IPCC claims that these are not well understood. This is noted in the IPCC technical summaries and the chapters outlining the present state of climate science. You have not answered the question: can supposed human contributions be clearly delineated from natural effects when the natural drivers and their effects are not clearly understood?

Wrong. This is from the IPCC's 2007 summary for policymakers:

"During the past 50 years, the sum of solar and volcanic forcings would likely have produced cooling."
"Spacial agreement between regions of significant warming across the globe and locations of significant observed changes in many systems consistent with warming is very unlikely to be due solely to natural variability."
"More complete attribution of observed natural system responses to anthropogenic warming is currently prevented
by the short time scales of many impact studies, greater natural climate variability at regional scales, contributions
of non-climate factors and limited spatial coverage of studies."

The most recent major volcanic eruption was Pinatubo in 1991 - which did have a cooling effect - as all such major volcanic eruptions have. There has been no such major eruption since. Low solar activity has Sporer, Maunder, and Dalton Minimums (1400 to 1850) have a very strong correlation to changes in climate (it has been documented that the sun has been considerably more active since then). Do you not find it strange that the IPCC authors takes their position on the basis of something as unpredictable as volcanic events and a low level understanding of what is otherwise a strong solar correlation? The IPCC claims it can conclude what the climate would be like on the basis of its own stated lack of understanding. The paleoclimate record (Chapter six in the IPCC AFAR) provides citations to research which shows clearly that whenever solar irradiance has decreased and volcanic activity increases, global temperatures have plummeted.

Try going beyond the chapter for policymakers. There is close to 1,000 pages of IPCC report outlining the large areas of uncertainty. The GCM's employed to make predictions about the "likelihood" of what the climate would be like without human emissions of GHG's (and the addition of volcanic events) have actually failed to accurately predict climate over the last decade. If they make a claim that they do not clearly understand the drivers of past natural climate variation it is hard to see how they could make assumptions about what present climate variations would be.

For the last time, a consensus doesn't have to be unanimous. It includes all the work that's reviewed on the topic, not just the work that agrees with the consensus. It just happens that the vast majority of the work does agree with it. To what degree humans have an effect on the climate is irrelevant to this discussion. We're talking about whether we have an effect or not, not the degree of that effect.

Consensus, apparently, does not have to be shown either - just assumed. It is a word without clear definition on a topic that is supposed to be definitive in its judgement. Has anyone actually reviewed all the work on the topic to know? No. Degree of effects also don't seem to matter, yet generating effective policy demands more than nescience.

Effect and degree of effect go together, don't you think?

If you want to know if a particular scientist agrees with the consensus then read what a review says about their work. The reviews speak for themselves.

If you want to know what all scientists think, then read what all of them have to say on the broad filed of climate research. They speak for themselves.
 
We do have knowledge of what the human contribution is, we're warming the earth. There are also natural forces in play. Both are happening. You keep bringing up natural effects as if they somehow degate the human effects.

I bring up natural drivers because they are the primary drivers of climate - overwhelmingly so. While acknowledging this fact, the IPCC claims that these are not well understood. This is noted in the IPCC technical summaries and the chapters outlining the present state of climate science. You have not answered the question: can supposed human contributions be clearly delineated from natural effects when the natural drivers and their effects are not clearly understood?

Wrong. This is from the IPCC's 2007 summary for policymakers:

"During the past 50 years, the sum of solar and volcanic forcings would likely have produced cooling."

This above quoted sentence does not appear in the Summary for Policymakers of the final IPCC AFAR 2007.


The most recent major volcanic eruption was Pinatubo in 1991 - which did have a cooling effect - as all such major volcanic eruptions have. There has been no such major eruption since. Also, you should have noted that the IPCC does not include volcanic aerosols in their listing of radiative forcing components due to their episodic nature.

Low solar activity has Sporer, Maunder, and Dalton Minimums (1400 to 1850) have a very strong correlations to changes in climate (it has been documented that the sun has been considerably more active since then). Do you not find it strange that the IPCC authors takes their position on the basis of something as unpredictable as volcanic events and a low level understanding of what is otherwise a strong solar correlation? The IPCC claims it can conclude what the climate would be like on the basis of its own stated lack of understanding. The paleoclimate record (Chapter six in the IPCC AFAR) provides citations to research which shows clearly that whenever solar irradiance has decreased and volcanic activity increases, global temperatures have plummeted.

Try going beyond the chapter for policymakers. There is close to 1,000 pages of IPCC report outlining the large areas of uncertainty. The GCM's employed to make predictions about the "likelihood" of what the climate would be like without human emissions of GHG's (and the addition of volcanic events) have actually failed to accurately predict climate over the last decade.

For the last time, a consensus doesn't have to be unanimous. It includes all the work that's reviewed on the topic, not just the work that agrees with the consensus. It just happens that the vast majority of the work does agree with it. To what degree humans have an effect on the climate is irrelevant to this discussion. We're talking about whether we have an effect or not, not the degree of that effect.

Consensus, apparently, does not have to be shown either - just assumed. It is a word without clear definition on a topic that is supposed to be definitive in its judgement. Has anyone actually reviewed all the work on the topic to know? No. Degree of effects also don't seem to matter, yet generating effective policy demands more than nescience.

Effect and degree of effect go together, don't you think?

If you want to know if a particular scientist agrees with the consensus then read what a review says about their work. The reviews speak for themselves.

If you want to know what all scientists think, then read what all of them have to say on the broad filed of climate research. They speak for themselves.
 
I bring up natural drivers because they are the primary drivers of climate - overwhelmingly so. While acknowledging this fact, the IPCC claims that these are not well understood. This is noted in the IPCC technical summaries and the chapters outlining the present state of climate science. You have not answered the question: can supposed human contributions be clearly delineated from natural effects when the natural drivers and their effects are not clearly understood?
That's exactly what they attempt to do, and summarize where they show the difference between models with only natural drivers and those with both natural and anthropogenic drivers. If you have issues with the models used to make their conclusions, I suggest you take it up with the experts.

The most recent major volcanic eruption was Pinatubo in 1991 - which did have a cooling effect - as all such major volcanic eruptions have. There has been no such major eruption since. Low solar activity has Sporer, Maunder, and Dalton Minimums (1400 to 1850) have a very strong correlation to changes in climate (it has been documented that the sun has been considerably more active since then). Do you not find it strange that the IPCC authors takes their position on the basis of something as unpredictable as volcanic events and a low level understanding of what is otherwise a strong solar correlation? The IPCC claims it can conclude what the climate would be like on the basis of its own stated lack of understanding. The paleoclimate record (Chapter six in the IPCC AFAR) provides citations to research which shows clearly that whenever solar irradiance has decreased and volcanic activity increases, global temperatures have plummeted.

Try going beyond the chapter for policymakers. There is close to 1,000 pages of IPCC report outlining the large areas of uncertainty. The GCM's employed to make predictions about the "likelihood" of what the climate would be like without human emissions of GHG's (and the addition of volcanic events) have actually failed to accurately predict climate over the last decade. If they make a claim that they do not clearly understand the drivers of past natural climate variation it is hard to see how they could make assumptions about what present climate variations would be.
Again, if you have problems with the IPCC's methodology and the data that they use to reach their conclusions then I suggest you take it up with them. I for one am more inclined to believe the conclusions of the experts than the doubts of an internet forumer (no offence).

Consensus, apparently, does not have to be shown either - just assumed. It is a word without clear definition on a topic that is supposed to be definitive in its judgement. Has anyone actually reviewed all the work on the topic to know? No. Degree of effects also don't seem to matter, yet generating effective policy demands more than nescience.

Effect and degree of effect go together, don't you think?

If you want to know what all scientists think, then read what all of them have to say on the broad filed of climate research. They speak for themselves.
How can someone who does literature reviews as part of their professional activities have such contempt for how they're done, and dismiss their results so readily as nothing more than assumptions?

You still haven't shown us any literature reviews that conclude that humans aren't affecting the climate. So I'm going to assume that there aren't any, and that's all the proof I need about what the consensus is.
 
You still haven't shown us any literature reviews that conclude that humans aren't affecting the climate. So I'm going to assume that there aren't any, and that's all the proof I need about what the consensus is.

He hasn't even provided a primary article that indicates that the human effect is negligible. He only seems to repeat issues that were previously addressed such as "we don't know to what degree", "we don't know what every scientist thinks", and "there's no evidence of a consensus". These have all been addressed in this thread, repeatedly at times. If Hydrogen, or anyone else what wants to know how to evaluate current scientific literature, is interested the thread can be reviewed again.
 
That's exactly what they attempt to do, and summarize where they show the difference between models with only natural drivers and those with both natural and anthropogenic drivers. If you have issues with the models used to make their conclusions, I suggest you take it up with the experts.


Do note that I pointed out this literature review, not you or ganjavih. I had to find the comprehensive source for supporting the assertion for an anthropogenic cause for climate change. It does not contain the word consensus.

Again, if you have problems with the IPCC's methodology and the data that they use to reach their conclusions then I suggest you take it up with them. I for one am more inclined to believe the conclusions of the experts than the doubts of an internet forumer (no offence).


People have been critiquing this panel since it first started publishing its reports two decades ago. There is a rich history of criticism with respect to its reporting. And certainly all the panel members are not in agreement with the conclusions drawn by the lead authors.

How can someone who does literature reviews as part of their professional activities have such contempt for how they're done, and dismiss their results so readily as nothing more than assumptions?

You still haven't shown us any literature reviews that conclude that humans aren't affecting the climate. So I'm going to assume that there aren't any, and that's all the proof I need about what the consensus is.

Your assertions are misplaced. A literature review is contemptible if the research selected to review expresses a pre-selected point of view. Literature reviews are not value-free. If you believe so then you have made a massive error in judgement. Like every other field of human activity, science can be affected by politics because scientists are human beings with all the typical range of human foibles. Besides, you still haven't shown any comprehensive literature survey that concludes that humans are affecting the climate. The fact that you will found your proof and base your belief on a perceived lack of a literature review is remarkably ignorant.

As I have mentioned earlier the research is not defined as a who's for/who's against arrangement - no matter how much you want it to be so. You would know that if you spent time researching or writing about issues related to climate or environment.
 
He hasn't even provided a primary article that indicates that the human effect is negligible. He only seems to repeat issues that were previously addressed such as "we don't know to what degree", "we don't know what every scientist thinks", and "there's no evidence of a consensus". These have all been addressed in this thread, repeatedly at times.

No, these issues have not been addressed in my opinion. But I agree, why bother going on with this? According to you, why should anyone care about something beyond the belief that everyone - or some unstated majority - agrees with something, or enough people agree, or enough people agree for you to agree with them? Why care about the quality, depth or range of that supposed consensual agreement? If that is your approach to things, then that's what it is.

These are two articles that indicate that the very record upon which the arguments for anthropogenic causes for climate change are based are flawed due to contaminate data. Ironically, they could be framed as an indication for anthropogenic warming - as in a false signal that has helped to create the impression of such an event by way of poor data collection and analysis.


http://www.uoguelph.ca/~rmckitri/research/jgr07/M&M.JGRDec07.pdf

Journal abstract of the above.
http://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/2007/2007JD008465.shtml

http://climatesci.colorado.edu/publications/pdf/R-321.pdf


There are others, but not that it matters. If it matters to you (which I somehow doubt) you can find them for yourself.

I'd provide more articles, but you would probably not bother to read them, or would simply point out how they are not exactly the articles you want to see, or are not framed in such a way to support your demands of what you want delivered. It's not like you provided a comprehensive literature survey beyond a review article. So why should waste I my time? Why bother pointing out to you that there are already strong alternate hypothesis with respect to the mild temperature increase of the last 100 years? It would not fit the exact specifics of what you demand. You could find them out for yourself if you want to - if you have an open mind to do so and actually wish to be informed beyond the concern over a "consensus." But if you don't want to know, or want to accept a consensus you believe to exist so solidly, then your mind is already made up. So be it.


As everyone appears to be sensing repetition, then maybe this thread should come to an end.
 
My mind is not made up that humans affect the climate. My mind is made up that it is the current consensus among climate researchers. That could change in the future. And of course there are opposing views, there always are in science. So it's difficult sometimes guaging the overall view of the scientific community. It's relatively easy for this issue however because the overwhelming view is that humans affect climate. Every recent review article, the IPCC, and every major scientific body in the world agree. Humans affect the climate. Weigh that against a single article (co-authored by someone from the Cato Institute, by the way, which is an important factor) and the conclusion is clear. It's not a matter of finding a few articles, it's about guaging the opinion of scientists as a whole.
 
People have been critiquing this panel since it first started publishing its reports two decades ago. There is a rich history of criticism with respect to its reporting. And certainly all the panel members are not in agreement with the conclusions drawn by the lead authors.

These statements don't add very much weight to the argument. Of course people will critique the panel. How many of them are scientists with a legitimate scientific argument? How many of them have something at stake? What percentage of scientists critique the panel? If it's 10% of scientists then 90% are OK with the panel right? This is why it's important to guage the state of the literature as a whole, not to get caught up with this stuff. And the last sentence about "all the panel members are not in agreement" has been addressed several times already in this thread. But I'll repeat it again, not everyone has to agree for there to be a consensus. In fact, I would be more suspicious if every single person on the IPCC panel agreed.

A literature review is contemptible if the research selected to review expresses a pre-selected point of view.

Well, I hope the majority of climate researchers aren't as corrupted as you imply they may be. A proper scientific literature review should be done without pre-existing notions of what the outcome will be. But since every review article agrees with the consensus, it makes it easier to be confident in the conclusion.

The fact that you will found your proof and base your belief on a perceived lack of a literature review is remarkably ignorant.

Absolutely not. In science, evidence for something is stronger than the lack of evidence against something. You have to make your conclusions on what has been published. Why would people choose not to publish good data refuting human contribution to climate change? Especially considering the money behind the movement (oil companies, big industry, etc.), if there was enough evidence to publish a negative review article, it would have been done by now.

No, these issues have not been addressed in my opinion.

I won't go through all of them again but they have been addressed. For example, when you state "the level of contribution is not known", the response was that the level of contribution and whether there is a contribution are two separate hypotheses that shouldn't be confused with one another. When you state "not everyone agrees", the response was that not everyone has to agree for a consensus. The rest of the issues can be found elsewhere in the thread.

But I agree, why bother going on with this? According to you, why should anyone care about something beyond the belief that everyone - or some unstated majority - agrees with something, or enough people agree, or enough people agree for you to agree with them?

Because that's how science works. Science is not perfect and it evolves but the best we can do is work with the data that we have. If most scientific research indicates that humans affect climate, then I would tend to agree with that position. Scientists aren't perfect but in general I trust science more than politicians, businessmen, etc.

Why care about the quality, depth or range of that supposed consensual agreement?

None of us can comment on the quality of the research as we are not experts. The depth and range are overwhelmingly in support of the consensus.

For me, this argument is about science, not so much about climate change, which is not one of my major interests. It's being able to distinguish real science from junk science, lay science or lay opinion pieces in the lay press. There is a significant anti-science movement out there (the anti-psychiatry Scientologists, the oil lobby, right wing governments that don't want to face resulting policy decisions) and they try to dupe the public. It's important that people know where to look for good evidence and not be duped by these forces.
 
Since you're interested in surveys, here is the Oreskes paper you mentioned from 2004.

http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/reprint/306/5702/1686.pdf

Here is the last paragraph of the paper:

Many details about climate interactions
are not well understood, and there are ample
grounds for continued research to provide
a better basis for understanding climate
dynamics. The question of what to do
about climate change is also still open. But
there is a scientific consensus on the reality
of anthropogenic climate change. Climate
scientists have repeatedly tried to make this
clear. It is time for the rest of us to listen.


I would imagine it's an even stronger consensus now.
 
Of course people will critique the panel. How many of them are scientists with a legitimate scientific argument? How many of them have something at stake? What percentage of scientists critique the panel? If it's 10% of scientists then 90% are OK with the panel right? This is why it's important to guage the state of the literature as a whole, not to get caught up with this stuff. And the last sentence about "all the panel members are not in agreement" has been addressed several times already in this thread. But I'll repeat it again, not everyone has to agree for there to be a consensus. In fact, I would be more suspicious if every single person on the IPCC panel agreed.

The IPCC could easily include an additional report that outlines the criticisms. There is no restriction on how the panel publication is presented. Criticisms on what has been included (and not included) is crucial to understanding the state of the science. It could very well help to better define what needs to be examined (which is considerable by the IPCC's own admission). Also, a very large portion of the IPCC report relies on computer model forecasting. This is where the terms such as "likely" or "very likely" come from. These are predictions of the future, and not actual facts. These have launched a whole host of criticisms as the models are nowhere near robust enough to serve as a stand-in for the the global climate.

Well, I hope the majority of climate researchers aren't as corrupted as you imply they may be. A proper scientific literature review should be done without pre-existing notions of what the outcome will be. But since every review article agrees with the consensus, it makes it easier to be confident in the conclusion.

My comment on the abuse of literature reviews was not being associated with any group. That should have been clear. I never suggested that climate researchers are corrupt as you seem to have implied. I was pointing out that such a review method is not value-free. Again, the word consensus is vague.

I won't go through all of them again but they have been addressed. For example, when you state "the level of contribution is not known", the response was that the level of contribution and whether there is a contribution are two separate hypotheses that shouldn't be confused with one another. When you state "not everyone agrees", the response was that not everyone has to agree for a consensus. The rest of the issues can be found elsewhere in the thread.


Consensus implies nothing more than "general agreement." It's a public relations word here. The word itself says nothing about the degree, depth, association, range and the like. It possesses no innate reference to any of the above qualities. It is bland. And whether you like it or not, such a stated consensus does not stand in as knowledge for what everyone in the field of climatology is thinking or accepting.

Take the IPCC publication as an example. Here is an organization that promotes the existence of AGW, but maintains that there is no fully established measure for the depth or range of that impact. It appears to matter to them, too.

Absolutely not. In science, evidence for something is stronger than the lack of evidence against something. You have to make your conclusions on what has been published. Why would people choose not to publish good data refuting human contribution to climate change? Especially considering the money behind the movement (oil companies, big industry, etc.), if there was enough evidence to publish a negative review article, it would have been done by now.

You have been arguing your position on the basis of the number of literature reviews, not actual evidence. The actual evidence can be interpreted a number of ways. Also, you have neglected to consider that there are numerous papers published that consider a phenomena, but don't allocate a blame to what is being observed. A good example is the reduction of ice in the arctic region this past summer - which inevitably ended up being blamed on anthropogenic global warming because there was an already well established expectation in place. The published research has since noted that the cause of ice reduction was a cyclical event and caused by natural ocean current oscillations. The levels of ocean ice coverage are now back to average levels. Is this a refutation of AGW, or an observation that a natural event is in operation that has no relation to human activity?

Because that's how science works. Science is not perfect and it evolves but the best we can do is work with the data that we have. If most scientific research indicates that humans affect climate, then I would tend to agree with that position. Scientists aren't perfect but in general I trust science more than politicians, businessmen, etc.

You have stated that if scientific research indicates that humans affect climate then you would agree to that position. That's plenty of "ifs." Fair enough. But you clearly neglect that the AGW position itself is also driven by politics as well - both in science and beyond. You should then be very concerned that this political view can, and does, taint the science - which I agree is a very serious issue.

None of us can comment on the quality of the research as we are not experts. The depth and range are overwhelmingly in support of the consensus.

No, there is no consensus about the depth and range. The word "consensus" says nothing about such qualities. At best, it is a statement of a low-level order of agreement among those who agree with such a view.

For me, this argument is about science, not so much about climate change, which is not one of my major interests. It's being able to distinguish real science from junk science, lay science or lay opinion pieces in the lay press. There is a significant anti-science movement out there (the anti-psychiatry Scientologists, the oil lobby, right wing governments that don't want to face resulting policy decisions) and they try to dupe the public.

Then you ought to be concerned that the debate about the science of climate change is affect by two broad fronts. You repeat oil-lobbies etc.; yet you do not appear to acknowledge, for example, a massive multi-billion dollar environmental lobby with its own agenda. They too have done plenty to misrepresent science or scientific research because they are primarily political organizations, and not scientific organizations. You might want to be interested in just the science, but climate change is now political. Don't think for a moment that this has not had a massive effect on the science. Science and scientists have never lived in a vacuum.

Right now, AGW view is establishing what the public policy framework will be for today and tomorrow. This position is not being established by science, but by political means. Trillions of dollars will have to be spent to address these positions. That will represent a massive diversion of funds from other necessary activities. You may not be interested in climate change, but the politics will eventually be interested in you.
 

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