steveintoronto
Superstar
You'll note that the TTC has supplied information from subway construction experience and geology studies for that chart.This is more of an MTO resource - not much soil info in Toronto.
Btw: I don't make any claims as to the *suitability* of the underlying shale in Thorncliffe Park for successful consistent tunnel boring, just that it appears to be of the same deposition and nature as that south of the valley there which has been deemed quite suitable for deep tunnel boring. In fact the overlay (which is what the map actually shows from an above view) is deemed unsuitable, and thus the decision to go deeper for much more predictable results. One of the problems with shale is the proclivity to fracturing both vertically and horizontally, and hosting aquifers as a result. There's considerable information on-line of the "Thorncliffe Aquifer" or "Formation". Whether that has bearing on Thorncliffe Park or not is another question that some more adept than myself could and should answer.
Some shale is far too fractured, even at depth, to make tunnelling a serious option. This was a real challenge for the tunnel to the Island Airport.
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