Toronto Union Pearson Express | ?m | ?s | Metrolinx | MMM Group Limited

It's great fun as a thought exercise to imagine all these options and permutations. But my more direct concern is how the design of the Kitchener corridor seems to be sliding sideways.

We don't know the ridership currently or in projection, but the plan to date has been to grow the corridor with two roles - one being an express regional service linking Brampton and beyond to central GTA, and the second being an inside-GTA heavy rail corridor that may hint at subway performance but may have a bit more conservative stop spacing and peak headways. Deciding to terminate the inner-GTA line at Pearson seems to be abandoning the connectivity between Mount Pleasant, Brampton/Bramalea and Malton and the City stops - Weston, Mount Dennis, St Clair and Bloor (and perhaps Liberty). Are we happy with that? What level of ridership would that impact if the Halton/Peel riders had to change trains to reach any of those stops? This feels to me like abandoning part of the plan rather than improving it.
I guess it's a case of good news and bad news.

The good news is that they are finally communicating a clear and consistent vision of the track allocations and service types, unlike in past years where each project contradicts each other project. In fact, the vision confirms my original hypothesis that the 4th platform we built at Weston Station last year is completely pointless since the eastern pair of tracks will be used by express trains that don't stop at Weston.

To recap for others: Metrolinx's stated mission is to have 8 local trains per hour (all to the airport) plus 4 express trains per hour, (2 terminate at Bramalea, 1 terminates at Mt Pleasant and 1 terminates at Kitchener).
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Kitchener-UPL-Services.PNG

Due to the updated design for St Clair / Old Weston station, we know that the local service will operate on the west pair of tracks and the express will operate on the east, meaning that this service design does not include any crossing conflicts at Wice (Pearson Junction). That is presumably the main reason they chose it.

Due to the platform configurations, we know that express trains will not stop at St Clair / Old Weston or Liberty Village. But we don't know the stations at which they will stop. Weston, Mount Dennis and Bloor/Dundas already have 4 platforms, and Woodbine has 4 platforms under construction, so it is physically possible for express services to stop at any/all of them. Like I showed in my line diagram, I don't think it makes sense for the express service to stop at Weston since it lacks rapid transit connections.

Given that they already built all of the platforms required to connect express trains to the key regional hubs (Woodbine, Mt Dennis and Bloor) I don't think there's any risk of the western portion of the line losing its connection to the airport (at Woodbine), Line 5 (at Mt Dennis) or Line 2 (at Dundas West). Worst case scenario is that they try to implement a non-stop service and the public yells at them until they add the stops back in (like what happened when they tried to run half the UPX trains non-stop without having any way for trains to quickly bypass stations).

The bad news is that the clear vision they have established indeed has a complete separation between the local service (exclusively to the airport), and the express service (exclusively along the Kitchener line). It certainly seems like it would be more useful to have a mix of express and local trains on both types of services. For example 8 local trains per hour could be split with 4 to the airport and 4 to Bramalea. Then the express could be split, 4 to the airport and 2 to Mt Pleasant (of which 1 continues to Kitchener). This would require some kind of interchange at Wice, probably a flyover from the north side to the south. Maybe that's something that could be added when the design gets updated to include a new railway Pearson Airport's proposed transit hub.
The existing Weston Sub has been built with a great deal of capacity, thanks to the most intensive conventional block signalling of any GO line. The obvious point being, we can leverage that signalling to run a great many trains on close headways. Deciding that we have to enhance further to get subway level headways and capacity risks throwing that investment away, and may be 20 years away from being needed.
I was noticing this as well. Their mission of 4 express trains per hour is extremely modest given the infrastructure. As discussed above, the line can already handle 10 trains per hour on each pair of tracks (20 tph total) just with the work already under construction. The capacity of the line is therefore not limited by the line itself (or its signalling), it is limited by the capacity of the USRC and Union Station platforms. That is probably they aren't proposing 20 trains per hour even though the line between Woodbine and the USRC can already handle that much, and ETCS would bump that capacity up over 30.

This is the underlying reason I'm proposing to change the technology of the local service to match the Ontario line. Regional rail technology and signalling can theoretically provide subway-level frequencies, but the problem is that we then need more platforms at Union than there's physically space for. That's why my proposal to reroute the airport local into the Ontario Line tunnel is able to accommodate 42 trains per hour while the current plan only includes 12.

I don't see how either of the proposals (either mine or Metrolinx's) throws anything away from the existing corridor. Both visions depend on a quad-tracked corridor that's fully grade separated, which is what all the investment has been leading up to. Whether the western pair of tracks uses ETCS (UPX) or CBTC (OL) is immaterial.
To my mind, any attempt to rethink the corridor from its design of 5-10 years ago is a bad thing - typical Toronto transit planning where we constantly reinvent, wasting effort and delaying execution because we aim, aim, aim.....

Metrolinx likely accepted the commitment to add Smarttrack stations with great reluctance, and apparently felt safe walking back that commitment by shift the St Clair stop to UP. That is enough scope creep in itself, and we should not be letting that decision let things slide further into a general revisioning of the corridor. Adding in a debate of where OL should go next, if at all, is a huge step sideways.

Again, if you don't have a firm destination in mind, any road will get you there.
Like I said above, the problem is that there never was a single design 5-10 years ago. Each project had its own ideas for service patterns. They actually seem to have finally established a clear vision that is reflected in all their projects, so after years of indecision, this concern has finally been addressed.
Let's get EMU's to Mount Pleasant, interleaved with Electric UP to Pearson, using the headways that are possible with existing infrastructure. And let's get hourly or better 2WAD to Kitchener. And extend some of those Kitchener runs to London on an improved Kitchener-London line.
Metrolinx's stated mission already pretty much accommodates this. The main limitation to frequency will be the capacity at Union, not the capacity along the line.
 
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View attachment 708226

That was my thinking. I posted this in the "fantasy thread." I messed up the colours, it should be dark blue from Roncesvalles to Mt. Dennis. Once it reaches the future Woodbine station, run it above ground, parallel with the Kitchener line and have it use the existing UPX tracks leading up to Pearson.

Running automated trains to & from Pearson would make a lot of staff available to run the GO trains. I often feel like the UPX uses up too much of GO's labour/staff than it really requires. Unfortunately, federal regulations require two staff members at the front of every train. Even if those trains are small, DMU's.
Could have been extensions to the the old "Belt Line" railway, if it didn't go bankrupt...
Humber Loop Belt Line.jpg
 
To recap for others: Metrolinx's stated mission is to have 8 local trains per hour (all to the airport) plus 4 express trains per hour, (2 terminate at Bramalea, 1 terminates at Mt Pleasant and 1 terminates at Kitchener).

I would have to go back and reread a bunch of old stuff to be sure, but my rusty memory thinks that there was an earlier version of ML's plan - maybe the original RER BCA - that spoke of more trains reaching Mount Pleasant. My memory thinks that the Bramalea turnback only really became popular when the Missing Link bypass was discarded and the plan returned to being a route along CN who refused to consider electrification... and ML was emphatic about wanting electrification.

I don't know whether the recent "Agreement in Principle" changes that stance at all (I doubt it).

One would think that Brampton's density would justify more trains across the full urban area. I realise that Bramalea is a pretty big bus terminal, so certainly plenty of ridership joins the rail line there....but at best this translates to 30 minute service to Central Brampton, and forces the Kitchener train to make more stops where it could be even more of an express for the benefit of those coming from further west.

What we don't know is how ML sees the ridership. If ridership thins as trains leave the center, and outward trains become half empty by Mount Pleasant or Bramalea, it makes sense to turn some back rather than haul all those empty seats to Kitchener. But if the load from Kitchener disperses evenly at all of Pearson, Mount Dennis, Bloor and Union, perhaps the express element is less critical. All the same, I think Brampton needs more than half-hourly service.

Metrolinx's stated mission already pretty much accommodates this. The main limitation to frequency will be the capacity at Union, not the capacity along the line.

I am less concerned about this because some trains can continue east to Stouffville, so Union becomes a run-through proposition. Or even an extension of UP service up the Don Valley to Leaside or Agincourt might be attractive. So maybe having the local service morph into something that looks more like a subway makes sense.

- Paul
 
I would have to go back and reread a bunch of old stuff to be sure, but my rusty memory thinks that there was an earlier version of ML's plan - maybe the original RER BCA - that spoke of more trains reaching Mount Pleasant. My memory thinks that the Bramalea turnback only really became popular when the Missing Link bypass was discarded and the plan returned to being a route along CN who refused to consider electrification... and ML was emphatic about wanting electrification.

I don't know whether the recent "Agreement in Principle" changes that stance at all (I doubt it).

One would think that Brampton's density would justify more trains across the full urban area. I realise that Bramalea is a pretty big bus terminal, so certainly plenty of ridership joins the rail line there....but at best this translates to 30 minute service to Central Brampton, and forces the Kitchener train to make more stops where it could be even more of an express for the benefit of those coming from further west.
The Kitchener expansion business case also included 3 trains per hour to Mt Pleasant, which has now been reduced to 2.
What we don't know is how ML sees the ridership. If ridership thins as trains leave the center, and outward trains become half empty by Mount Pleasant or Bramalea, it makes sense to turn some back rather than haul all those empty seats to Kitchener. But if the load from Kitchener disperses evenly at all of Pearson, Mount Dennis, Bloor and Union, perhaps the express element is less critical. All the same, I think Brampton needs more than half-hourly service.
This is why it's important for the hourly Kitchener trains to run express in Brampton and Toronto, stopping only at the stations that are particularly useful for people originating west of Brampton, such as Woodbine (Pearson Airport), Mount Dennis (Line 5) and Dundas west (Line 2). You'll note that in most of my proposals it also skips Mount Pleasant for this reason.
I am less concerned about this because some trains can continue east to Stouffville, so Union becomes a run-through proposition. Or even an extension of UP service up the Don Valley to Leaside or Agincourt might be attractive. So maybe having the local service morph into something that looks more like a subway makes sense.
I was already assuming it would be through-running, that's not the issue. The issue is dwell times.

With long dwell times you need 4 platforms to get the full use of a 2-track railway. See for example Kyoto station on the Tokaido Shinkansen (second from last station at the bottom):

With 10 tracks coming into the USRC in the west and a need to reduce the number of platforms at Union to widen them, the numbers simply don't add up if the goal is to get the full use of the connecting railways themselves.
 
Today while riding UP I noted a small detail that I found curious…. Namely the elaborate bracing at the Mount Dennis platform that holds the track the right distance from the platform edge.
Somebody was really worried about the track shifting.
The platform at Weston had no such bracing.
Very curious.
- Paul
IMG_1371.jpeg
 
Today while riding UP I noted a small detail that I found curious…. Namely the elaborate bracing at the Mount Dennis platform that holds the track the right distance from the platform edge.
Somebody was really worried about the track shifting.
The platform at Weston had no such bracing.
Very curious.
- PaulView attachment 710440
This is the bracing that has allowed the former 10 mph (16 km/h) slow order for UP trains at high-level platforms to be increased to 30 mph (48 km/h). It's a very noticeable improvement for the speed of trains entering and exiting stations. 2-car trains can now accelerate at full power out of the station and 3-car trains only need to briefly lift off around 45 km/h before reapplying the power.

Currently the bracing is installed on the two western tracks at Mount Dennis and Bloor stations. Weston doesn't have them so there's still a 10 mph slow order there. The eastern tracks also still have the 10mph restriction at all stations but UPX rarely uses those tracks anyway.

The REM also has similar bracing at platforms (visible at the end in this video):
O-Train Line 2/4 would benefit enormously from such bracing, to eliminate the current 25 km/h limit at platforms.
 
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This is the bracing that has allowed the former 10 mph (16 km/h) slow order for UP trains at high-level platforms to be increased to 30 mph (48 km/h). It's a very noticeable improvement for the speed of trains entering and exiting station. 2-car trains can now accelerate at full power out of the station and 3-car trains only need to briefly lift off around 45 km/h before reapplying the power.

Currently the bracing is installed on the two western tracks at Mount Dennis and Bloor stations. Weston doesn't have them so there's still a 10 mph slow order there. The eastern tracks also still have the 10mph restriction at all stations but UPX rarely uses those tracks anyway.

The REM also has similar bracing at platforms (visible at the end in this video):
O-Train Line 2/4 would benefit enormously from such bracing, to eliminate the current 25 km/h limit at platforms.

UGH I love engineering solutions like this that get around government safety bureaucratic overreach that worsen rapid transit 🥵
 
UGH I love engineering solutions like this that get around government safety bureaucratic overreach that worsen rapid transit 🥵
Except that none of it is government safety bureaucratic overreach. There is no Federal rule that requires the trains be operated this way, or that the platforms have such equipment installed..

So, maybe "operational safety bureaucratic overreach" is the term you're looking for?

Dan
 
So, maybe "operational safety bureaucratic overreach" is the term you're looking for?

I would love to see the calculations for how much force those struts can withstand.

Even accepting that tracks might shift over time, they seem incredibly overbuilt. The platforms are on tangent track, not much centrifugal force likely. I would have thought that a couple of lengths of bar stock, that would visibly bend if the dimensions changed, would be sufficient to let track inspections monitor the spacing.

Or maybe it's the platform that ML fears will shift, just like the Crosstown schedule has.

- Paul
 

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