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407 Rail Freight Bypass/The Missing Link

The issue with the CP "two phase" is that the lower portion of the Bolton Corridor is currently very poorly built, few grade separations, etc. It would be upsurdly expensive to upgrade too, given the extreme space constraints that have now been placed on it by the georgetown south upgrade. It might be difficult to fit 2 tracks into there, yet alone multiple new grade separations.

That's not true. Relative to all the infrastructure upgrades required for the freight bypass, adding a second track(reinstalling actually) on this line would be easy. First off, there's more than enough space in CP's right of way from Weston to West Toronto for it, including the portions beside the Weston tunnel;

King St. looking south
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King St. looking north
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Church St. looking north
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Oak St. looking south
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Oak St. looking north
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This line used to be double tracked from "CP Emery" just south of Steeles Ave until "CP Lawrence" and the second track continued on as an "other than main track" until Eglinton. It would by no means be absurdly expensive. On the contrary only a single bridge need be expanded - the bridge over Black Creek as Paul mentioned. And none of those three level crossings are major roads. While the number of CP trains would dramatically increase, I doubt the exposure index would even exceed even the 200,000, recommendation level for a grade separation never mind the 2,000,000 critical level. On top of that there's little that the community can do to stop CP from reinstalling that second track since its something they voluntarily removed to help ML build the Weston tunnel and the Denison Road underpass. The only reason why they didn't put it back in is because they don't actually need it for the existing levels of traffic on the line.
 
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If that's the option that he's looking at, than great. But that wasn't part of the proposal being made to the various cities in the report. And considering that the City of Toronto is one of the contributors to this study, it is absolutely a non-starter, as there seems to be a louder and louder push to remove all of the "hazardous" goods trains from the centre of Toronto by the week.

Yes that's correct. I was looking at a more phased approach if CN & CP were to raise objections to sharing the York sub portion of the by-pass. I wouldn't call it a non-starter though, the option I presented doesn't in any way change the amount of hazardous goods routed through Toronto, it just changes the routing of it from the Galt to the MacTier. We all know that no matter how much a city demands that hazardous goods be routed around it, they have little actual power to make it happen.

The picture does not tell the story of today, however. The entire hump yard - the set of tracks fanning out in the center of the picture - is gone. It's a huge empty space that would fetch a fortune if it could be redeveloped. One continually hears rumours that CP wants to demolish the whole yard in favour of a "block-swapping" yard further east, say around Trenton.

Thanks for the information. I was aware that they had shut down the hump yard(all of them for that matter) but I figured that they were going to still use the tracks or rearrange them which doesn't seem to be the case now(section C of the Toronto yard diagram for reference). If the rumors of them planning to build a new yard out east are indeed true, then dealing with them won't be as arduous as I had presumed. And yes absolutely, that single track section of the York sub would have to be double tracked, at least until the point where the track connects with CP's Belleville sub.

Considering CP's plans to build a yard out east, that would remove many of the supposed obstacles that I mentioned earlier. I definitely think we should push for the full bypass since the long term plan is for a midtown, Seaton and north Pickering GO line(s) and possibly an Eastern Airport Rail link to the future(planned) Pickering Airport. If CP is still operating in the North Toronto-Belleville corridor it would require substantial infrastructure work to enable GO service on those corridors. With CP removed from those lines the cost savings from that alone would probably make up most of the costs of the freight by-pass.

I also wonder how much CP's Toronto is actually worth. I have little doubt that land is heavily contaminated, clean up costs might actually be more then the purchase price.

Lastly, if we are going to dream big, why not extend the shared freight zone eastwards along the CP line, all the way to Belleville? That would move CN off its line east of Toronto, enabling VIA to upgrade the CN line for true high speed service towards Ottawa and Montreal.

Definitely another good idea worth looking into though as you noted the costs for the infrastructure/trackage needed to upgrade CP's Belleville sub would drive the costs way up.
 
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Counterpoints against Freight Bypass:

http://www.cambridgetimes.ca/opinio...e-would-be-wise-to-wait-for-go-train-service/

What they don't realize is the Freight Bypass solves many things at once:
- Removes hazardous cargo from North Toronto Subdivision
- Milton all-day service
- Brampton electrification
- More GO capacity through the Brampton subdivision, allowing SmartTrack-style service to go all the way to Mt. Pleasantville (and beyond)
- Frees up North Toronto subdivision for possible GO service
- Future high speed trains

Etc.
 
As I stated in the past, "WHO BACKYARD" do you want "These HAZARDOUS Trains" to run by that doesn't exist today??? It has to run by someone backyard.

Running it on the 407 has a very high risk factor and could cause more damage than leaving the lines alone.

Running CP on the Halton Sub will have more impact on GO as well CN even if you have 4 tracks 100% in place. More so, You Put Brampton at a higher risk factor, than Mississauga and Toronto.

There been talks in the US doing the same thing as the 407, but cost out weight any thought of doing it.

Even if you try building this bypass in phases, there will be major chock point for the full project until it 100% complete and that could be decades.

Since trains are coming longer today compare to when the yards were built in the 60's, you have to breakup/down trains to store them on various tracks that have been too short for decades. Building a new CP yard in the east would allow for longer tracks to hold these longer trains. Hump yards are being phase out since the amount of cars that use them is less than 50% of what it was when yards were build or upgraded in the past.

Movement of dangerous goods has always been an hot issue, but until we stop demanding products from these dangerous goods, they have to go through someone backyard so they can be made into what the public wants.

Most of your great grandchild or great-great grandchild may see this come to light, but not for most of us.
 
Right. Could take a while. Perhaps from a financial, phasing and logistical reason you might be right -- and the freight companies need to be made happy too -- there are lots of gotchas to overcome.

Now about the backyard aspect. I am not sure if it increases risk for Brampton -- it may actually reduce average Brampton risk. Read onwards... I'm not sure if you're referring to residential backyard, or figuratively speaking "somebody's property". But if you meant residentials -- I'm not sure the residential backyard aspect is necessarily the most difficult part of the game...

Assuming the railroad runs between the 407 road corridor and the hydro corridor
-- it massively decreases the number of nearby residences that hazardous goods runs past.
-- To the south is a massively wide hydro corridor
-- To the north is the 407 corridor
There is more than ~200+ meters of safety buffer on BOTH SIDES of the theoretical railroad route (400+ total) during this 407 bypass, before reaching residential areas.

The 407 surface itself is a bona-fide self-evacuatable surface (car are moving objects, roads can be closed). Because of the massive land space, the passing railcars would be mostly 100 meters away from the 407 surface, while still providing berth away from the power pylons. The railroad can be trenched in a way to produce a low probability of from taking out pylons in the hydro corridor in a disaster (a trench is probably needed, as it has to go underneath cloverleaf structures and roads perpendicular to the 407).

It is true that the railroad needs to be detoured to reach the Bypass, but overall, it becomes much less densely populated than the North Toronto subdivision. This should provide massive safety improvements for a tank explosion or a flaming Lac Megantic style flowing-oil-slick situation. Brampton also gets potential quid pro quo offers (all-day 15-min electrified service all the way to Mt Pleasantville) which may lessen the pain of slightly increased risk that offsets massively reduced risk elsewhere.

So -- here's an example
https://www.google.ca/maps/@43.6546228,-79.7115528,480m/data=!3m1!1e3?hl=en

With a 407 bypass, there are almost no residental homes within 200 meters of both sides of the railroad, and even in the worst places, not even within 100 meters of both sides of the rail.

Yes, as you've pointed out, it will be insanely expensive and disruptive (e.g. trenching, grade-separated trenched rail going underneath cloverleafs south-east of the 407-centerline but north-west of the hydro corridor), expropriating a little (like expropriate that minigolf course, some farmland, and one-or-two of the soccer fields), and it may pass unnervingly close to some unmanned power substations including possible relocation of one of the outlier pylons (a thick crash-resistant trench should help a lot...)

In the one of the tightest-residential part of 407 there is still 400 meters between the residential backyards on both sides of the 407+hydro corridor. The bypass would be roughly along the middle, right at the northwest edge of the hydro corridor, and still allowing for full 407 width expansion with no 407 expansion room sacrified to the Freight Bypass, even in these tight sections. This will obviously be contentious section requiring a brave government, but still a big improvement in population safety than the current North Toronto Subdivision freight route.

Now, there is some rather tricky land-use going on at the proposed rail junction (Metrolinx-owned rail connecting to CN Brampton Subdivision) (Affected structures: Emerald Energy From Waste, Massiv Die-Form, and a few power pylons) near the railroad junction between the Metrolinx-owned rail and the CN subdivision, as the Freight Bypass will need to go through a rail-to-rail grade separation to connect to the CN subdivision north of Massiv Die Form, but this isn't a residential backyard. Presumably, some creative juggling (e.g. threading between the incinerator and the power substation in a below-grade trench, then buying (or expropriating, if needed) the western parking lot of Massiv Die Form, and then providing an attractive alternate railroad access point (a direct siding for them off the Freight Bypass), creation of parking garage on west edge as compensation, tricky power pylon minor relocations, and other creativity going on), but these aren't residential backyards, and are more of an engineering matter. All solvable via cash, but there isn't a residential backyard within 1km of this junction.


There may be showstoppers that require a complete expropriation (e.g. getting the business to relocate), or other things, but clearly, from a backyard proximity aspect, this is a pretty wide berth given.

Overall, there is
plenty of corridor space with wide berth away from residential backyards -- it is a multibillion money matter. A disaster could quite interfere with 407 operations, so an agreement would be needed to reimburse them for losses in any evacuation.

It's slightly easier to reroute CN than to reroute CP, so that may be a lower lying apple to solve first -- especially if billions of dollars later become available due to the high speed rail becoming approved (depending on how good the economy becomes, deficit reductions, and what government is in power, etc). So from that perspective, Freight Bypass would serve CN first, and we throw two bones to Brampton (one or two semiexpress highspeed trains gets a Brampton stop added, plus also 15-min electrified GO) in exchange for tolerating the 407 Freight Bypass that could still be more than 200 meters from Brampton backyards at its closest sections. So you've transferred risk in Brampton by taking dangerous CN freight off the core part of the Brampton subdivision, and rerouted it over the 407 Bypass where there's a minimum 200 meter berth away from Brampton residences...


At the very least --initially-- one freight company (not both) could be redirected onto the Bypass a little easier than the other, with less fallout and less re-routing through a residential area.

This can provide the necessary massive red-tape-cutting incentive, especially during a future rail disaster, perhaps. The risk can indeed be made far lower with the Bypass.

I think the biggest showstopper is simply the insane size of the money, and massive amount of interagency co-ordination needed for a proper Freight Rail bypass. It seems that money and co-ordination would then become the bigger showstopper, since the routing greatly puts the Rail Bypass into an area (on average) vastly safer than the current freight routing.

The safety berths of the 407 corridor makes it much safer than Lac Magentic especially as the rail will be at low grade and there will be no oil-slick-flow effect, and the 407 corridor would be emptied of vchicles by the time any flaming oil tanks started to threaten cars. Power is another issue altogether, as we don't want a nasty Toronto shutdown, so the trench or below-grade hillside angle should be engineered to keep the mess away from the pylons, plus any necessary barriers to reduce likelihood. Also, corridor is fairly straight so the curve-derailment factor isn't high likelihood. The NIMBY issue is probably more the extra CN freight going through CP corridor.

As you would agree, it is real damned massive megaproject, though. It has to be really worth it (e.g. freight companies legally banned from North Toronto Subdivision -- forcing them to sell the routing to Metrolinx because it becomes worthless to them). Lawsuits could occur, years of delays, then enough pretty penny is given, and everybody is happy.

Brampton may gain a higher risk factor, but this is very slight compared to the massive risk reductions elsewhere because of the large buffer zones involved,.

Your timing might be right -- drum118 -- but I think it's more because of freight company resistance and financials rather than backyards (as it can be rammed through by government from an overall rail safety improving perspective compared to status quo).
 
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The land use objections only exist because a succession of myopic municipal governments and too-powerful developers developed all the adjacent lands to a bypass that once ran through pristine farmlands. That may be moot now, but the principle still holds - the CN bypass was there first.

I can't see how this project is unmanageable, or how longer trains prevent it - if anything, the railways have an opportunity to reconfigure at GO's expense. Consider that both railways run far more frequent freight traffic on single track lines in the west. We are far from the 80-trains-a-day mark, which is about where a double track line fills up.

A rail line is a lot simpler to build than say a freeway, which has more complex things like drainage, lighting, and bigger civil structures. And the new rail link is almost dead straight and level.

- Paul
 
Would the 407 freight bypass mean the end of CP's Lambton and West Toronto yards? There's a lot of shunting noise and pollution from that yard on the edge of a residential neighbourhood. The land could be redeveloped for high-value real estate like towns and condos.
 
Would the 407 freight bypass mean the end of CP's Lambton and West Toronto yards? There's a lot of shunting noise and pollution from that yard on the edge of a residential neighbourhood. The land could be redeveloped for high-value real estate like towns and condos.

Short answer - yes. The redevelopment potential (after soil remediation, which wouldn't really be any more costly than in the railway lands or Junction Triangle redevelopment projects) is enormous. Some local freight activity would continue, but much much less than at present.

- Paul
 
Lambton Yard is only a shell of what it used to be and will fad away in time.

I don't feel sorry for folks who complain about the noise or smell as its was their choice or their parents to live in the area in the first place.

The city is buying up property on the south side of St Clair as it comes up for widening it as well for future extension of the 512.

As I stated in the past, having a bypass in the 407 corridor is a very high risk zone and does it out weight the cost of building this bypass and what impact will it have on the RR in the first place.

I have no plans to research this corridor to find out how wide is it, is it the same width from end to end and so on since I don't support it in the first place.

The Pro for this bypass is the simple fact that it will be grade separated, straight to allow higher speed trains not carrying hazardous goods and allow people not to hear trains at night time. It will free up the existing corridors for Metrolinx, VIA and HSR at a fraction of the cost of working with the RR.

The Con: 407 has a 99 lease with various clauses that will have an impact for the corridor. Hydro One will not allow anything inside of their corridor not related to themselves. What Utilizes run in this corridor now and where are they?? MTO has a plan to build a Transitway in this corridor and no timetable when it will be built as well can it be built?. Must plan on an RR Row to support 4 tracks.

How will the RR service on line service that exist today or down the road that require service during the day on the existing lines using the bypass?

Once you start to put all these corridors inside of the 407 corridor, will they fit the width of the corridor now??

Safety Risk:
Trains will derail for various reasons regardless how well things are maintain. If a train derailment take place, it will shut down not one route, but 2 routes using this bypass compare to existing lines. Will the RR be able to run trains on the existing corridors while the bypass being fix or are trains stop on line??

Depending how close this bypass is to the Hydro ROW, 407 and MTO 407 Transitway, will a derailment have an impact on them?? Traffic on the 407 will crawl if a derailment take place by the rubber necker's looking at it. What happens if it takes places at an overpass or underpass that will have an effect on traffic??

If a Hazardous train derail, what will be the impact on all things in the corridor be?? Will 407 be shut down and how long will it be?? Even if it only shut down for a few hours, let alone a day or more, will have a major impact on 407 pockets as well causing a nightmare for traffic. Even if the RR pays the lost to 407, it will still have an impact on traffic one way or another. If the train or chemicals get onto the 407, it will cause a long term effect on traffic until it fix.

This also applies to MTO 407 Transitway.

Now if the train and chemicals end up in the Hydro corridor, you just kill a major power grid that could leave everyone with rolling blackout to no power for a long time since towers can't be built overnight nor lines strung.

On top of this, are there other Utilizes that will be effected by this derailment and what impact will it have on everyone??

Until you deal with all the safety risk and do they support the building of the bypass, the bypass is a dream and a very costly one as well. Does the cost of building the bypass out weight the cost to upgrade the existing corridors to 4 tracks and grade separation as well working with the RR.

At the end of the day, better off upgrading the corridors and getting the RR on board to electrify the corridors regardless if the RR never need to electrify their system.

This is a money crab by the RR as well Metrolinx not willing to spend the money to do thing now. More like the province has no money as well no assist on their books for the work.

We have seen RR shrink in numbers due to mergers and unable to compete over the decades. Will CN & CP merge in the coming decades like a number of US RR may?? RR are reinventing themselves that should happen over 50 years ago, but what will thing look like for them in the next 50 years as this has an impact on transit planning.

This bypass is a long term one and most of us will never see the light of day for it, let alone grand-child or great grand-child.

Where does CN & CP join the bypass for both sides of the GTA??

Until you deal with all the issues to see if things can work or not as well cost, this is a pipe dream that I don't see happening 50 years from now. The 407 will be the centre of the city in 50 years and where do you plan on moving it then??
 
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I do know Enbridge is in the midst of its $700M+ GTA pipeline project, essentially adding 40km of 36"-42" pipe to supplement their existing network.

2/3 of it are portions along the south side of the 407 - 401 to 403 in the west, and Keele to Woodbine-ish in the east. And there is at least 1 other existing pipeline along that corridor as well that they're building around.
 
Drum's comments about whether gas, hydro, rail, and who knows what else should coexist here are rather sobering. (I hate it when reality intrudes into a good pipedream!)

No sane engineer would design an airliner (or any other safety critical device) the way we are designing this corridor - one does not load all the various wirings and pipings into a single pathway - usually they are distributed to reduce risk.

However, there are many places where this happens out of necessity. The Cajon corridor in LA comes to mind - the mountains force everything into the same routing. And there have been major train wrecks in that canyon, and wildfires, etc. LA seems to survive these, although they are costly.

This particular hydro corridor in Peel is critical to the entire grid, it balances power distribution between west and east. Cut this link, and the whole province could go dark. Hydro One's objections would be substantive, and their rigidity is sensible. The rail line can't go down the middle of the power lines. Power lines costly to move, and they are environmentally noxious too so not easy to find a good re-routing.

Having said that, a rail corridor is really narrow. If you Google Map the line we are contemplating, the difference in width between the Hydro portion and the supposed rail line is striking. If you assume that the rail line has to be routed outside the current Hydro corridor, the rails fit - but only by doing a huge amount of tunnelling under 407 ramps on the north, and only by expropriating lots of things if you route on the south side.

If you imagine a traditional train wreck, where a bunch of non-hazardous cars just pile up on top of each other, even that pile isn't that big. So the Hydro Corridor is not really at risk in low- to medium- damage scenarios. If you consider a 1979-Mavis or a Lac Magantic style wreck, then yes you definitely have problems. Losing the power grid would not help you in a Megantic type calamity.

Juat an amateur analysis - there may be engineering standards and codes for how much separation is mandatory. But, this may well be a deal breaker for this idea.

- Paul
 
avlt_rail_lines.jpg

On the flip side, Foster + Partners 'Thames Hub' proposed multi-use corridors as a kind of 'spine' coming out of London to the north.

The London Olympic village land was created by burying a hydro corridor in tunnels. You'd need some major incentive to get HydroOne to agree to burying its lines, but you'd theoretically open a lot of land for development that they could reap benefits from.
 
When was the last time there was a major derailment in the GTA? The only disaster I know of was in 1979 when Mississauga was evacuated.

It depends on what you call "major". Here are some that had potential to be serious, based on speed, forces of impact, loading, or just plain location:

- A rear-ender between two freights in Don Mills in the 1990's
- A freight derailment at the Mimico GO station around 2007
- A fireball-sized collision between two freight trains near Belleville in 2003
- A freight derailment, which in turn was struck by a passing VIA train, and subsequent fire, near Bowmanville in 1999 - probably the most potentially serious given the cocktail of hazardous chemical tankers that were scorched in the fire
- A derailment with evacuation in Oshawa in 2010
- There have been a couple of pretty spectacular wrecks involving trains that were bound to/from Toronto in Northern Ontario

The list isn't meant to spread alarm - the point is, engineers have to design for a once-in-a-hundred-year event.

- Paul
 
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The London Olympic village land was created by burying a hydro corridor in tunnels. You'd need some major incentive to get HydroOne to agree to burying its lines, but you'd theoretically open a lot of land for development that they could reap benefits from.
drum118's close links to construction and his non-support definitely merits attention.

The transmission pylons and cables will eventually fall apart, less than 100 years from now. They don't last forever.

Hydro Corridor Burial Economics Might Work Later
Could the power lines be buried this century, when pylons are up for a rebuild? Rebuilding a corridor is money too, how much more does it cost to bury? Economically, that cost difference needs to be considered, too.

Land Economics Changes
Lest someone say the lands are worthless; let's assume it won't be in the future. What money return can we get on the freed lands, for non-residential purposes, with the condition of strict rapid-business-evacuation plans as bylaw of land-use in the freed hydro corridor lands? It might more than pay for the difference between phased pylon rebuild versus burial. Also, what if the transmissoin corridor is only partially buried? Economically, that cost difference needs to be considered, too.

Rolling Blackouts May Not Be Necessary By Then
Lest someone say it requires a rolling blackout to do the hydro corridor rebuild; let's assume that's not necessary, especially if only one or two pylon corridors are shut down at a time; considering we've very slowly migrated to distributed electric generation and this will be much more the case in 50 years (e.g. solar, wind, etc). Let's set aside how silly expensive that cost may be (not everyone supports what's currently going on), but let's assume in 50 years from now, that is to the hydro corridor's benefit. So because of that, the ongoing future grid-resistance improvements to hydro corridor disruption needs to be considered, too.

Lease Progressively Declines In Value
Yes perhaps we need to let the 99 year lease expire first. But we don't have to wait the full 99 years. And we don't necessarily have to buyback the whole 407 -- just non-revenue generating slivers of land. The way the lease was worked out, the lease progressively becomes less valuable over time to the 407 consortium. Eventually it's a game of chicken -- waiting until the buyout of a sliver is worthwhile. That might happen in less than 50 years (The lease will be almost 3/4th over in 50 years from now), for example, especially if they ceased to plan further widenings of the 407 freeway surface. The study authors need to consider the opportunistic factors from the gradually declining value of the 99-year lease as time passes.

Business Case Might Not Work Today, But Might Later
Assuming 50 years from now, Toronto is so valuable, and our grid is so distributed (solar, wind, alternates, etc) that a Hydro Line corridor burial would not require rolling blackouts during a burial -- and assuming 50 years from now, we have money to bury the Hydro One corridor -- in a multibillion massive megaproject. The business case would need to work (e.g. getting more return), but assuming it did, could it happen in the 50 year timescale? Economically that needs to be considred.

Also, it's not Lac Magentic
Also, with proper trenching, a Lac Magentic scale wreck wouldn't burn nearby houses "en-masse", because of the ultrawide ROW. And assuming you mitigate it even further by properly and deeply-enough trench/downslope the corridor. There was a downhill slope involved at Lac Magentic that isn't involved in the 407 corridor that amplified the disaster and killed more people. This ain't the case here in the 407 corridor where the land is flat, and where in a wide downsloped trench you can have a big pile of 50 flaming and exploding oil tanks (successfully contained by sheer topography differences between the 407 corridor and Lac Magentic, as well as proper deep downslope trenching), and the nearest residential houses are over 200 meters uphill. Not a nice place to be a resident, radiative heat may ignite a few nearest dark-painted decks and walls on the 407 abutments, and small bits of flaming shrapnel may light isolated fires, but a flowing flaming oil slick wouldn't decimate several square blocks like it did in Lac Magentic -- due to topography and how the leaking flaming oil flowed there. If any disaster happens in the 407 bypass, it's definitely disruptive, BUT, this is NOT a Lac Magentic league risk in terms of house burnings and deaths by flaming leaking oil tanks due to the topography. (Chemicals are another matter entirely, chlorine cloud wafting over Toronto population...but this is even far riskier in the North Toronto subdivision -- so the risk is actually decreased due to lower population densities. Ditto for oil tanks, too)

The 407 Shutdown Issue Is a Legitimate Worry, so how to mitigate, hypothetically?
The comments about a 407 shutdown is definitely legitimate and worrisome. Perhaps, then, perhaps, use ultrathick bunker tunnels under the critical section of the major interchanges. With wide funnel mouths deep below the ground (in a deeply sloped trench) and 200 meters beyond the criticals, so if an accident occured beyond, the flaming mess goes into the ultra-reinforced tunnel rather than besides it and onto a major interchange. The flaming mess at a tunnel mouths near the interchanges would be a disruptive inferno, but would reduce an interchange shutdown to a temporary shutdown rather than a ultramajor disruption and reconstruction matter (burnt and destroyed interchange ramps). So there are ways to 'mitigate' the risk.

Consider The Tradeoff/Loss Of Mobility Gain vs Loss (including shutdowns)
Let's consider the simple tradeoff of 1 major 407 shutdown every 10 years, versus the greatly improved mobility unlocked 50+ years into the future by a hypothetically successful 407 Freight Bypass. Let's remember just a mere 8 full GOtrains moves as many people as 1 hour of peak period traffic of the full width of the 401 freeway - but in much narrower corridors. A single car lane is only about 2000 cars per hour. Imagine if done properly, we'd successfully recieve multiple 401 freeway equivalents of mobility, installed into Toronto, thanks to the 407 Bypass. Improvements that may actually possibly not be currently ever possible without the bypass. Just because some car zealots are anti-401-shutdown, doesn't consider the timescale tradeoff. That has to be considered, at least by the study authors.

Still cheaper than building subways -- even with extra costs of mitigations
Let's say, throwing a hypothetical 30 billion dollars (or "X billion", pick number) at the combined multi-corridor megaproject cost (Partial or full hydro burial + 407 Freight Bypass + activation of freed freight corridors for commuter use) could still be cheaper than trying to gain the same mobility improvements by building over 100 kilometers of stupendously expensive subways that bring in more suburban residents. Upon closer inspection, it is highly likely to be considered by any studies to be economically far better use of money than building a 407-corridor high speed train, which should more efficiently run through Brampton/Pearson, to more properly pull economic benefit out of high speed rail / high-performance rail (in express/semiexpress plans, so places like Brampton can benefit from relatively fast trains too). The study authors need to consider this.

It's not the end of the world, we've had rare major 401 shutdowns because of unusual weather and flaming pile of vehicles -- we've coped -- it didn't kill the inconvenienced.

Definitely, we can't afford it now.

Or before 50 years if we had to do such a scale of all the above mitigations.

But assuming the economics later richly warranted, business case warranted it, it in 50+ years or beyond. Let's think this, as a thought exercise. Assuming we trusted the record of tomorrow's government to pull off the mobility improvements, and assuming our population voted for moves like this, and changed gruding minds then. Let's assume we did find corridor space (e.g. via funding burial of Hydro corridor, and/or via expensive negotiation with 407 consortium -- remember in 50 years, only one-quarter of the 99 year lease is left and is not very valuable anymore!). Perhaps it will never happen, but let's for the moment put this aside, and just run this thought exercise.

drum118's concerns are legitimate, and reduces likelihood, increases timecales, but this doesn't cancel the thought experiment.

So here comes the new question.

-- what mitigations are needed to change the mind of a future construction industry minded guy (like drum118) in the future few generations? I'm talking, hypothetically, of course, as a legitimate thought exercise.

That's my new question now.
 
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